Dose dietary factors impact breast cancerprognosis? A focus on BRCA mutation carriers

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignantdiagnosis and the main cause of cancer-related deathamong women. BRCA mutation carriers have up to ۸۰ percentrisk of developing BC during their lifetime, that causedby modifiable factors including dietary behaviors. Since not allBRCA mutation carriers develop cancer, these environmentalfactors may be effective in regulating gene expression.Materials and Methods: A literature search was performedbetween March and April ۲۰۲۳ using PubMed, Scopus, Webof Science, and Google Scholar. We included human, experimental,and cell culture studies that evaluated the efficacy andmechanism of dietary factors in the treatment of BC.Results: Several interesting data have shown that the inflammatorypotential of diet, western diet, and reuse of edible oilthrough the production of polyaromatic hydrocarbons increasedthe odds of BC in BRCA mutation carriers. While Mediterranean,vegan, prudent/healthy, and protein restriction diet, aswell as vitamin C (via reduction of HIF-۱a, synaptopodin۲,and YAP۱, master’s regulator of metastasis), vitamin D, B۶,B۹, B۱۲, folate, and curcumin, reduced the progression of thetumor, DNA break, gene expression of RhoA and ROCK, estrogen/progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factorreceptor۲. In addition, various molecular and metabolic mediatorsare involved in risk reduction. Curcumin exerts its anticancereffects through PI۳K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, NFkB,and epigenetic machinery that modulate DNA methylation.Mediterranean diet with reduced animal protein can decreaseBC prognosis in BRCA mutation carriers by lowering insulinlikegrowth factor۱.Conclusion: The present study suggested that dietary patternsassociated with inflammation and redox imbalance that are highin calories and protein and low in antioxidants may increase therisk of BC, but more research is needed.