Bita Zand - Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Leila Sadat Nilchiani - Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Pardis Saeedi - Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Cancer remains a global health concern, necessitating the development of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. Cell therapy, utilizing the unique properties of stem cells, has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells release extracellular vesicles, particularly microvesicles (MVs), which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and possess clinical value. MVs demonstrate the ability to enter cancer cells and enhance drug accumulation, leading to more effective treatment outcomes. These stem cell-derived microvesicles contain therapeutic biomolecules and paracrine factors that contribute to their efficacy in clinical trials. Moreover, they exhibit advantages over mesenchymal stem cells, such as improved blood circulation and long-distance therapeutic procedures. By loading drugs or genes into microvesicles, they can be precisely targeted and utilized as drug delivery systems, offering high biocompatibility and the potential for specific targeting and crossing biological barriers. Clinical trials utilizing mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles have shown promising results for cancer treatment, including the delivery of targeted inhibitors. Furthermore, these microvesicles can serve as cell-free therapies, possessing excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and the ability to cross biological barriers. They have demonstrated potential as cancer vaccines, inhibiting tumor growth and inducing antitumor immune responses. While microvesicles hold promise in personalized cancer treatment, further research is required to fully understand their biology and ensure their safe and effective therapeutic use. The exploration of microvesicles represents a unique intersection of molecular and cellular medicine, paving the way for new and targeted cancer treatments.

cancer, stem cells, Microvesicles, Extracellular vesicles